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This example uses OpenLayers v<span>6.12.0</span>. The <a id="latest-link" href="#" class="alert-link">latest</a> is v<span id="latest-version"></span>.
</div>
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<i class="fa fa-codepen fa-lg"></i> Edit
</a>
<div class="span12">
<h4 id="title">Shaded Relief</h4>
<p class="tags">
<span class="badge-group">
<a
href="./index.html?q=raster" class="badge badge-info">raster</a
><a
class="badge badge-info tag-modal-toggle text-white"
data-toggle="modal"
data-target="#tag-example-list"
data-title="raster"
data-content="
&lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action&quot; href=&quot;./raster.html&quot;&gt;Raster Source&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action&quot; href=&quot;./region-growing.html&quot;&gt;Region Growing&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action&quot; href=&quot;./sea-level.html&quot;&gt;Sea Level&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action active&quot; href=&quot;./shaded-relief.html&quot;&gt;Shaded Relief&lt;/a&gt;"
tabindex="0"
>4</a>
</span>
<span class="badge-group">
<a
href="./index.html?q=shadedrelief" class="badge badge-info">shadedrelief</a
><a
class="badge badge-info tag-modal-toggle text-white"
data-toggle="modal"
data-target="#tag-example-list"
data-title="shadedrelief"
data-content="
&lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action active&quot; href=&quot;./shaded-relief.html&quot;&gt;Shaded Relief&lt;/a&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;list-group-item list-group-item-action&quot; href=&quot;./webgl-shaded-relief.html&quot;&gt;Shaded Relief (with WebGL)&lt;/a&gt;"
tabindex="0"
>2</a>
</span>
</p>
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<div class="list-group"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="map" class="map"></div>
<table class="controls">
<tr>
<td><label for="vert">vertical exaggeration:</label></td>
<td><input id="vert" type="range" min="1" max="5" value="1"/></td>
<td><span id="vertOut"></span> x</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label for="sunEl">sun elevation:</label></td>
<td><input id="sunEl" type="range" min="0" max="90" value="45"/></td>
<td><span id="sunElOut"></span> °</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label for="sunAz">sun azimuth:</label></td>
<td><input id="sunAz" type="range" min="0" max="360" value="45"/></td>
<td><span id="sunAzOut"></span> °</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<form method="POST" id="codepen-form" target="_blank" action="https://codesandbox.io/api/v1/sandboxes/define">
<input id="codesandbox-params" type="hidden" name="parameters">
</form>
</div>
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="span12">
<p id="shortdesc">Calculate shaded relief from elevation data</p>
<div id="docs"><p>
This example uses a <code>ol/source/Raster</code> to generate data
based on another source. The raster source accepts any number of
input sources (tile or image based) and runs a pipeline of
operations on the input data. The return from the final
operation is used as the data for the output source.
</p> <p>
In this case, a single tiled source of elevation data is used as input.
The shaded relief is calculated in a single "image" operation. By setting
<code>operationType: 'image'</code> on the raster source, operations are
called with an <code>ImageData</code> object for each of the input sources.
Operations are also called with a general purpose <code>data</code> object.
In this example, the sun elevation and azimuth data from the inputs above
are assigned to this <code>data</code> object and accessed in the shading
operation. The shading operation returns an array of <code>ImageData</code>
objects. When the raster source is used by an image layer, the first
<code>ImageData</code> object returned by the last operation in the pipeline
is used for rendering.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row-fluid">
<h5 class="source-heading">main.js</h5>
<pre><code id="example-js-source" class="language-js">import 'ol/ol.css';
import Map from &#x27;ol/Map&#x27;;
import View from &#x27;ol/View&#x27;;
import {Image as ImageLayer, Tile as TileLayer} from &#x27;ol/layer&#x27;;
import {OSM, Raster, XYZ} from &#x27;ol/source&#x27;;
/**
* Generates a shaded relief image given elevation data. Uses a 3x3
* neighborhood for determining slope and aspect.
* @param {Array&lt;ImageData&gt;} inputs Array of input images.
* @param {Object} data Data added in the &quot;beforeoperations&quot; event.
* @return {ImageData} Output image.
*/
function shade(inputs, data) {
const elevationImage &#x3D; inputs[0];
const width &#x3D; elevationImage.width;
const height &#x3D; elevationImage.height;
const elevationData &#x3D; elevationImage.data;
const shadeData &#x3D; new Uint8ClampedArray(elevationData.length);
const dp &#x3D; data.resolution * 2;
const maxX &#x3D; width - 1;
const maxY &#x3D; height - 1;
const pixel &#x3D; [0, 0, 0, 0];
const twoPi &#x3D; 2 * Math.PI;
const halfPi &#x3D; Math.PI / 2;
const sunEl &#x3D; (Math.PI * data.sunEl) / 180;
const sunAz &#x3D; (Math.PI * data.sunAz) / 180;
const cosSunEl &#x3D; Math.cos(sunEl);
const sinSunEl &#x3D; Math.sin(sunEl);
let pixelX,
pixelY,
x0,
x1,
y0,
y1,
offset,
z0,
z1,
dzdx,
dzdy,
slope,
aspect,
cosIncidence,
scaled;
function calculateElevation(pixel) {
// The method used to extract elevations from the DEM.
// In this case the format used is
// red + green * 2 + blue * 3
//
// Other frequently used methods include the Mapbox format
// (red * 256 * 256 + green * 256 + blue) * 0.1 - 10000
// and the Terrarium format
// (red * 256 + green + blue / 256) - 32768
//
return pixel[0] + pixel[1] * 2 + pixel[2] * 3;
}
for (pixelY &#x3D; 0; pixelY &lt;&#x3D; maxY; ++pixelY) {
y0 &#x3D; pixelY &#x3D;&#x3D;&#x3D; 0 ? 0 : pixelY - 1;
y1 &#x3D; pixelY &#x3D;&#x3D;&#x3D; maxY ? maxY : pixelY + 1;
for (pixelX &#x3D; 0; pixelX &lt;&#x3D; maxX; ++pixelX) {
x0 &#x3D; pixelX &#x3D;&#x3D;&#x3D; 0 ? 0 : pixelX - 1;
x1 &#x3D; pixelX &#x3D;&#x3D;&#x3D; maxX ? maxX : pixelX + 1;
// determine elevation for (x0, pixelY)
offset &#x3D; (pixelY * width + x0) * 4;
pixel[0] &#x3D; elevationData[offset];
pixel[1] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 1];
pixel[2] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 2];
pixel[3] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 3];
z0 &#x3D; data.vert * calculateElevation(pixel);
// determine elevation for (x1, pixelY)
offset &#x3D; (pixelY * width + x1) * 4;
pixel[0] &#x3D; elevationData[offset];
pixel[1] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 1];
pixel[2] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 2];
pixel[3] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 3];
z1 &#x3D; data.vert * calculateElevation(pixel);
dzdx &#x3D; (z1 - z0) / dp;
// determine elevation for (pixelX, y0)
offset &#x3D; (y0 * width + pixelX) * 4;
pixel[0] &#x3D; elevationData[offset];
pixel[1] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 1];
pixel[2] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 2];
pixel[3] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 3];
z0 &#x3D; data.vert * calculateElevation(pixel);
// determine elevation for (pixelX, y1)
offset &#x3D; (y1 * width + pixelX) * 4;
pixel[0] &#x3D; elevationData[offset];
pixel[1] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 1];
pixel[2] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 2];
pixel[3] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 3];
z1 &#x3D; data.vert * calculateElevation(pixel);
dzdy &#x3D; (z1 - z0) / dp;
slope &#x3D; Math.atan(Math.sqrt(dzdx * dzdx + dzdy * dzdy));
aspect &#x3D; Math.atan2(dzdy, -dzdx);
if (aspect &lt; 0) {
aspect &#x3D; halfPi - aspect;
} else if (aspect &gt; halfPi) {
aspect &#x3D; twoPi - aspect + halfPi;
} else {
aspect &#x3D; halfPi - aspect;
}
cosIncidence &#x3D;
sinSunEl * Math.cos(slope) +
cosSunEl * Math.sin(slope) * Math.cos(sunAz - aspect);
offset &#x3D; (pixelY * width + pixelX) * 4;
scaled &#x3D; 255 * cosIncidence;
shadeData[offset] &#x3D; scaled;
shadeData[offset + 1] &#x3D; scaled;
shadeData[offset + 2] &#x3D; scaled;
shadeData[offset + 3] &#x3D; elevationData[offset + 3];
}
}
return {data: shadeData, width: width, height: height};
}
const elevation &#x3D; new XYZ({
url: &#x27;https://{a-d}.tiles.mapbox.com/v3/aj.sf-dem/{z}/{x}/{y}.png&#x27;,
crossOrigin: &#x27;anonymous&#x27;,
});
const raster &#x3D; new Raster({
sources: [elevation],
operationType: &#x27;image&#x27;,
operation: shade,
});
const map &#x3D; new Map({
target: &#x27;map&#x27;,
layers: [
new TileLayer({
source: new OSM(),
}),
new ImageLayer({
opacity: 0.3,
source: raster,
}),
],
view: new View({
extent: [-13675026, 4439648, -13580856, 4580292],
center: [-13615645, 4497969],
minZoom: 10,
maxZoom: 16,
zoom: 13,
}),
});
const controlIds &#x3D; [&#x27;vert&#x27;, &#x27;sunEl&#x27;, &#x27;sunAz&#x27;];
const controls &#x3D; {};
controlIds.forEach(function (id) {
const control &#x3D; document.getElementById(id);
const output &#x3D; document.getElementById(id + &#x27;Out&#x27;);
const listener &#x3D; function () {
output.innerText &#x3D; control.value;
raster.changed();
};
control.addEventListener(&#x27;input&#x27;, listener);
control.addEventListener(&#x27;change&#x27;, listener);
output.innerText &#x3D; control.value;
controls[id] &#x3D; control;
});
raster.on(&#x27;beforeoperations&#x27;, function (event) {
// the event.data object will be passed to operations
const data &#x3D; event.data;
data.resolution &#x3D; event.resolution;
for (const id in controls) {
data[id] &#x3D; Number(controls[id].value);
}
});
</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="row-fluid">
<h5 class="source-heading">index.html</h5>
<pre><code id="example-html-source" class="language-markup">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
&lt;html lang="en"&gt;
&lt;head&gt;
&lt;meta charset="UTF-8"&gt;
&lt;title&gt;Shaded Relief&lt;/title&gt;
&lt;!-- Pointer events polyfill for old browsers, see https://caniuse.com/#feat=pointer --&gt;
&lt;script src="https://unpkg.com/elm-pep"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;!-- The lines below are only needed for old environments like Internet Explorer and Android 4.x --&gt;
&lt;script src="https://cdn.polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=fetch,requestAnimationFrame,Element.prototype.classList,TextDecoder"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/core-js/3.18.3/minified.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
.map {
width: 100%;
height:400px;
}
table.controls td {
padding: 2px 5px;
}
table.controls td:nth-child(3) {
text-align: right;
min-width: 3em;
}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;/head&gt;
&lt;body&gt;
&lt;div id&#x3D;&quot;map&quot; class&#x3D;&quot;map&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table class&#x3D;&quot;controls&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;label for&#x3D;&quot;vert&quot;&gt;vertical exaggeration:&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;input id&#x3D;&quot;vert&quot; type&#x3D;&quot;range&quot; min&#x3D;&quot;1&quot; max&#x3D;&quot;5&quot; value&#x3D;&quot;1&quot;/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;span id&#x3D;&quot;vertOut&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; x&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;label for&#x3D;&quot;sunEl&quot;&gt;sun elevation:&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;input id&#x3D;&quot;sunEl&quot; type&#x3D;&quot;range&quot; min&#x3D;&quot;0&quot; max&#x3D;&quot;90&quot; value&#x3D;&quot;45&quot;/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;span id&#x3D;&quot;sunElOut&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; °&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;label for&#x3D;&quot;sunAz&quot;&gt;sun azimuth:&lt;/label&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;input id&#x3D;&quot;sunAz&quot; type&#x3D;&quot;range&quot; min&#x3D;&quot;0&quot; max&#x3D;&quot;360&quot; value&#x3D;&quot;45&quot;/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;span id&#x3D;&quot;sunAzOut&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; °&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;script src="main.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;/body&gt;
&lt;/html&gt;</code></pre>
</div>
<div class="row-fluid">
<h5 class="source-heading">package.json</h5>
<pre><code id="example-pkg-source" class="language-json">{
&quot;name&quot;: &quot;shaded-relief&quot;,
&quot;dependencies&quot;: {
&quot;ol&quot;: &quot;6.12.0&quot;
},
&quot;devDependencies&quot;: {
&quot;parcel&quot;: &quot;^2.0.0&quot;
},
&quot;scripts&quot;: {
&quot;start&quot;: &quot;parcel index.html&quot;,
&quot;build&quot;: &quot;parcel build --public-url . index.html&quot;
}
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.0/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
<script src="./resources/prism/prism-1.20.0.min.js"></script>
<script src="./resources/common.js"></script>
<script src="common.js"></script>
<script src="shaded-relief.js"></script>
<script>
$('#tag-example-list').on('show.bs.modal', function (event) {
const button = $(event.relatedTarget); // Button that triggered the modal
const title = button.data('title');
const content = button.data('content');
const modal = $(this)
modal.find('.modal-title').text(title);
modal.find('.modal-body').html(content);
});
var packageUrl = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openlayers/openlayers.github.io/build/package.json';
fetch(packageUrl).then(function(response) {
return response.json();
}).then(function(json) {
var latestVersion = json.version;
document.getElementById('latest-version').innerHTML = latestVersion;
var url = window.location.href;
var branchSearch = url.match(/\/([^\/]*)\/examples\//);
var cookieText = 'dismissed=-' + latestVersion + '-';
var dismissed = document.cookie.indexOf(cookieText) != -1;
if (branchSearch && !dismissed && /^v[0-9\.]*$/.test(branchSearch[1]) && '6.12.0' != latestVersion) {
var link = url.replace(branchSearch[0], '/latest/examples/');
fetch(link, {method: 'head'}).then(function(response) {
var a = document.getElementById('latest-link');
a.href = response.status == 200 ? link : '../../latest/examples/';
});
var latestCheck = document.getElementById('latest-check');
latestCheck.style.display = '';
document.getElementById('latest-dismiss').onclick = function() {
latestCheck.style.display = 'none';
document.cookie = cookieText;
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>